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老年心衰病人的心理分析及护理对策
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　老年心衰病人因其机体器官功能的老化和生理环境的改变，患病后有其特殊的心理问题。对他们采用传统生物医学模式，仅依靠药物、手术等躯体治疗方法是远远不够的，现代护理要求护理工作者对老年患者在进行心理状况分析的基础上实施心理—生理—社会文化的系统的整体护理。　

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: #心衰# The major signs and symptoms of heart failure Classification and external resources ICD-10 I50 ICD-9 428.0 DiseasesDB 16209 MedlinePlus 000158 Patient UK Heart failure MeSH D006333 http://n.xn--g4tw0k.cn/oji/url/aZ #Heart failure# (HF), often referred to as chronic heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms congestive heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with chronic heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. ] The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.